Antibiotics and alcohol

Can you mix antibiotics and alcohol?

Your treatment provider will advise against consuming alcohol whilst taking antibiotics. This is because drinking alcohol whilst taking drugs to treat bacterial infections can affect certain immune system processes. Alcohol can interact badly with medications, causing unpleasant side effects and weakening your immune system. It can slow your body’s ability to treat infection and naturally heal itself. This is why when you are prescribed antibiotics, the medication is labelled with a warning to avoid alcohol.

Is mixing antibiotics and alcohol dangerous?

It is dangerous to mix alcohol and antibiotics. Although most commonly prescribed antibiotics will still target the infection site, drinking alcohol will lead to an increased risk of side effects. There are certain antibiotics (such as metronidazole and isoniazid) that function less when you consume alcohol, causing a severe reaction. This is because when you drink alcohol, your body must focus on treating the side effects from the alcohol as well as fighting bacteria, reducing how much the drug can attack the infection.

Metronidazole is a common antibiotic with the side effect of nausea. It is prescribed to treat bacterial infections and skin infections. When you drink alcohol, your body works harder to break it down and produces a toxin called acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde also causes nausea, so consuming alcohol and antibiotics such as metronidazole increases symptoms of sickness. Due to this, your doctor will not prescribe you metronidazole if you have a history of alcohol abuse or alcohol addiction because of how the alcohol can interact badly with the antibiotic. Isoniazid is one of the main medications used to treat tuberculosis (which is now one of the less common bacterial diseases). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Taking isoniazid whilst drinking alcohol can be dangerous because it can have a negative impact on your body, causing high blood pressure or liver damage. If you are concerned about the use of alcohol with isoniazid, we advise you to seek medical attention, as alcohol interacts badly with the medication.

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What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are substances that either prevent the growth of bacteria or kill bacteria completely. These two functions are required to fight infection in the human body.
Having prescribed medication to treat illness will ensure that you have the highest chance of successful recovery.

Antibiotics, as opposed to over-the-counter medications such as painkillers, can only be prescribed by a doctor, because many antibiotics can cause a severe reaction. Different illnesses require different antibiotics to treat, and each antibiotic has its own side effects and unique dosages. Due to these remits, antibiotics should only be taken for a short period of time. We have included some examples of different types of antibiotics below and some of the illnesses that they treat:

How do antibiotics work?

There was no treatment available to fight bacteria until the early 20th century, meaning even minor health issues were life-threatening. However, this changed in 1929 when Alexander Fleming first discovered penicillin, which was the first type of antibiotic.

Most antibiotics work by attacking the cell wall of bacteria, causing damage to its molecules. This prevents the bacteria from surviving in the body. Other antibiotics work by preventing bacteria from multiplying by harming the DNA in the bacteria that is responsible for replication or preventing key molecules from binding, which also stops harmful cells from reproducing. Some forms of antibiotics present a higher risk than others when taken in conjunction with alcohol. This is because an alcohol and antibiotic interaction can occur called a disulfiram-like reaction. A disulfiram-like reaction is most common when mixing alcohol with metronidazole, which is a treatment used to treat a wide range of illnesses.

Side effects of combining alcohol with antibiotics

There are many different side effects that can be caused by drinking alcohol whilst you are taking antibiotics. These symptoms present more severely when a disulfiram-like reaction occurs. Some of the most common side effects include:

• Sickness
• Severe diarrhoea
• Chest pain
• Headache
• Stomach cramps
• Rapid heart rate
• Flushed skin
• Dizziness
• Tiredness

If you experience any of these side effects, it is important that you visit a treatment centre or doctor who can provide medical advice.

What are the risks of taking antibiotics and drinking alcohol?

Alcohol interacts badly with all medications, so it is never a good idea to risk drinking alcohol during your treatment. Binge drinking is especially associated with reducing the effectiveness of your medication working because of the high level of alcohol that gets into your bloodstream. Drinking any alcoholic beverage (whether it be red wine, tap beer, or more) can reduce the effectiveness of fighting bacteria because alcohol and antibiotics are broken down in the body in the same way. This means that your body will focus on breaking down the alcohol molecules in your body instead of breaking down the medication that will fight the bacteria.
Additive effects are an additional risk if you are taking other drugs in conjunction with antibiotics and alcohol. Additive effects present more severe side effects than a single drug would present alone because the chemicals in the drugs combine to create a heightened effect.

Alcohol and antibiotics are both a form of drug, so taking these substances simultaneously will naturally affect the reliability of your treatment. Antibiotics are not readily available as an over-the-counter medicine for a reason, so you should always follow the advice from health professionals to not drink alcohol when taking them. This will give your body the best possible chance of fighting the infection and ensure that you embark on treatment safely.

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